Skip to Main Content
Albert S. Cook Library

TSEM 102: Sleep (Douglass)

Resources for sleep research

Spot Fake News

How to Spot Fake News

  • Consider the Source
  • Read Beyond the Headline
  • Check the Author
  • Check Supporting Sources
  • Check the Date
  • Is it a Joke?
  • Check Your Biases
  • Ask the Experts

See the Cook Library guide on Fake News to delve deeper.


The infographic below from the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions with thanks to FactCheck.org.

how to spot fake news infographic with bullet points from above

Why Background Information?

What's your first step to find out more about a topic?

You probably Google it! Most of the time, one of the the first results is Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia. Wikipedia is consistently one of five most popular websites for a reason—it makes a lot of information available to anyone with an internet connection. Wikipedia can be useful even for academic research, especially if you check its References and explore Further Reading, but you shouldn't cite the Wikipedia entry itself.

Instead, check a scholarly reference source.

Reference materials include dictionaries and encyclopedias, and a scholarly reference source was written by a scholar for other scholars. In other words, they aren't publicly available on the web and must be accessed through a library database. As you explore the encyclopedias, keep an eye on the main ideas, usually a person, place, or thing expressed by a single word or phrase; this main idea will become a keyword you can use to find scholarly journal article.

See What's Been Written

Scholarly Dictionary

Scholarly Encyclopedias

Scholarly Sources of Public Opinion