APA Style Guidance
Reference Lists
Sources appear in the reference list in alphabetical order with a hanging indent.
In-Text Citations
Every in-text citation must correspond to an entry in your reference list. If available, the in-text citation must include the author or editor's last name and year of publication. Direct quotes must include a page number.
Examples
- Smith (2015) surveyed this phenomenon.
- A famous survey of this phenomenon (Smith, 2015) showed that...
- In 2015, Smith demonstrated that...
- "White rats are the best subjects for this test," said Smith (2015, pp. 50-51).
- Smith went on to explain, "Hamsters make better pets than lab rats" (2015, p.51).